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Jejak Pelestarian Al-Qur’an di Nusantara

16 Nov 2021 12:01 WIB
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Jejak Pelestarian Al-Qur’an di Nusantara Ditemukan al-Qur'an dari kulit kayu berusia ratusan tahun di Alor Nusa Tenggara Timur (foto: Kompas)

Al-Qur’an merupakan mukjizat yang diturunkan Allah SWT kepada Rasulullah Muhammad SAW melalui Malaikat Jibril as. Kiranya itulah yang umum dipahami oleh kebanyakan orang di seluruh dunia, mulai dahulu hingga kini.

Al-Qur’an merupakan kalam Allah SWT, yang setelah diwahyukan kepada Muhammad SAW berfungsi sebagai Way of Life bagi setiap umatnya (muslim).

Al-Qur’an adalah satu-satunya kitab suci di dunia yang tetap terjaga mulai awal turunnya hingga kini dan esok. Seperti yang dikatakan oleh Rasyid Ridha, bahwa satu-satunya kitab suci yang dinukil secara mutawatir dengan cara dihafal dan ditulis adalah Al-Qur’an (Samak & ‘Audh, 2008).

Hal ini sejalan dengan firman Allah SWT: “Sesungguhnya Kamilah yang menurunkan Al-Qur’an, dan pasti Kami (pula) yang memeliharanya.” (QS. Al-Hijr [15]:9)

Pelestarian Al-Qur’an dalam Sejarah

Perjalanan panjang pelestarian kemuliaan Al-Qur’an sejak lampau telah dilakukan dalam berbagai cara. Sejak masa Rasulullah Muhammad SAW, era Sahabat, Tabi’in hingga era kekinian saat ini, studi-studi pengembangan ilmu Al-Qur’an terus dilakukan oleh berbagai pihak.

Proses panjang pelestarian Al-Qur’an pasca wafatnya Nabi Muhammad SAW, dengan mengumpulkan para penghafal Al-Qur’an oleh sahabat Zaid bin Tsabit atas perintah Abu Bakar ash-Shiddiq. Kemudian dengan cepat dapat dituliskan dan tersimpan, yang kemudian dikenal dengan Mushaf Abu Bakar.

Baca juga: Interaksi Nalar Balaghah dengan Ayat-ayat Hukum

Meski perdebatan kerap terjadi seputar qira’at (cara membaca) oleh umat Islam di beberapa daerah, hal itu dapat segera diatasi oleh para sahabat Nabi SAW. Pada era Utsman ibn Affan, penyempurnaan tulisan dan cara baca hingga penggandaan Al-Qur’an dilakukan secara efektif yang kemudian dikenal dengan nama Mushaf Utsmani.

Penulisan Al-Qur’an sebagai upaya penghormatan atas keluhuran kalam Allah SWT serta pelestarian warisan peradaban Islam pasca Utsmani, terus meluas ke berbagai wilayah di dunia.

Mushaf Tertua di Nusantara

Indonesia atau pada masa lampau dikenal sebagai Nusantara, telah turut melestarikan penulisan Mushaf Al-Qur’an sejak abad ke-16. Mushaf tertua milik kerajaan Nusantara yang diberi nama Mushaf Saleh Panggo Gogo.

Mushaf tersebut bukanlah satu-satunya di Nusantara, ada pula Mushaf La Lino (1815) dari Kesultanan Bima, Mushaf Kanjeng Kyai Al-Qur’an (1797) yang merupakan pusaka Keraton Yogyakarta, Mushaf Kasultanan Sumbawa (1785) serta Mushaf Qari (1585) dari Kesultanan Ternate.

Upaya pelestarian Al-Qur’an sebagai kitab suci umat Islam serta warisan peninggalan peradaban dunia, dapat dilakukan dalam berbagai cara.

Lembaga-lembaga pendidikan agama yang menitikberatkan pada para penghafal Al-Qur’an, serta pusat-pusat kajian dan pengembangan Al-Qur’an dalam beberapa organisasi sosial di tengah masyarakat merupakan indikasi nyata pelestarian Al-Qur’an di Indonesia. Kegiatan-kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan hal tersebut, tentu membutuhkan alat bantu yang memadai, baik dari segi kualitas maupun kuantitas.

Kebutuhan Mushaf Semakin Meningkat

Indonesia pada tahun 2045 sesuai proyeksi Visi Indonesia Emas 2045, akan memiliki penduduk sebanyak 319 juta jiwa (Bappenas, 2019). Pada tahun 2020, jumlah penduduk Indonesia mencapai 273,5 juta jiwa dengan 87,2% atau sebesar 229 juta merupakan populasi umat Islam.

Begitu juga dengan jumlah Pondok Pesantren yang pada 2020 saja berjumlah 31.000 pesantren (Kemenag RI, 2020), belum lagi ditambah jumlah Masjid serta Musholla se-Indonesia yang berjumlah 741.991 (Kemenag RI).

Data yang tertera di atas merupakan segmen potensial yang dipastikan membutuhkan Mushaf Al-Qur’an dalam kegiatannya sehari-hari.

Baca juga: Yang Harus Diketahui Agar Tidak Keliru Menafsirkan Al-Quran

Melihat dari tiga segment potensial tersebut, dapat terlihat seberapa besar kebutuhan ketersediaan Mushaf yang dibutuhkan.

Dari jumlah Masjid/Musholla sebanyak 741.991 jika dihitung membutuhkan masing-masing 10 Mushaf, maka total yang harus disediakan sebanyak 7.419.910 Mushaf Al-Qur’an.

Begitu juga dengan Pondok Pesantren yang jika masing-masing membutuhkan 100 Mushaf, maka akan membutuhkan 3.100.000 Mushaf. Dari dua segment ini saja, dibutuhkan sebanyak 10.519.910 Mushaf Al-Qur’an.

Mendorong anak-anak kita untuk menempuh pendidikan di lembaga-lembaga pendidikan agama seperti pondok pesantren khususnya Pesantren Al-Qur’an serta lembaga tinggi Al-Qur’an adalah salah satu proses melestarikan Al-Qur’an sebagai warisan peradaban Islam dan dunia.

Baca tulisan menarik lainnya tentang al-Qur'an di sini.

Muhammad Arief Albani
Muhammad Arief Albani / 5 Artikel

Alumni Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang. Saat ini aktif sebagai Pengrus LTM PCNU Banyumas dan ISNU Banyumas serta ketua Koperasi Nusantara Banyumas Satria (NUMas). Selain itu, aktif di PP Bani Rosul Bantarsoka, Purwokerto Barat, Banyumas Jawa Tengah.

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